Reading Log- Biography

Reading Log- Biography

Day 1 Friday Date: 26 March 2021
First Person	Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno
His / Her Biography	Sukarno, also spelled Soekarno, (born June 6, 1901, Surabaja [now Surabaya], Java, Dutch East Indies—died June 21, 1970, Jakarta, Indonesia), leader of the Indonesian independence movement and Indonesia’s first president (1949–66), who suppressed the country’s original parliamentary system in favor of an authoritarian “Guided Democracy” and who attempted to balance the Communists against the army leaders. He was deposed in 1966 by the army under Suharto. Early Life And Education Sukarno was the only son of a poor Javanese schoolteacher, Raden Sukemi Sosrodihardjo, and his Balinese wife, Ida Njoman Rai. Originally named Kusnasosro, he was given a new and, it was hoped, more auspicious name, Sukarno, after a series of illnesses. Known to his childhood playmates as Djago (Cock, Champion) for his looks, spirits, and prowess, he was as an adult best known as Bung Karno (bung, “brother” or “comrade”), the revolutionary hero and architect of merdeka (“independence”). Sukarno spent long periods of his childhood with his grandparents in the village of Tulungagung, where he was exposed to the animism and mysticism of serene rural Java. There he became a lifelong devotee of wayang, the puppet shadow plays based on the Hindu epics, as animated and narrated by a master puppeteer, who could hold an audience spellbound through an entire night. As a youth of 15, Sukarno was sent to secondary school in Surabaya and to lodgings in the home of Omar Said Tjokroaminoto, a prominent civic and religious figure. Tjokroaminoto treated him as a cherished foster son and protégé, financed his further education, and eventually married him off at age 20 to his own 16-year-old daughter, Siti Utari. As a student, Sukarno chose to excel mainly in languages. He mastered Javanese, Sundanese, Balinese, and modern Indonesian, which, in fact, he did much to create. He also acquired Arabic, which, as a Muslim, he learned by study of the Qurʾān; Dutch, the language of his education; German; French; English; and, later, Japanese. In Tjokroaminoto’s home he came to meet emerging leaders who spanned the rapidly widening national political spectrum, from feudal princelings to fugitive communist conspirators. The eclectic syncretism of the Tjokroaminoto ménage, like the romance and mysticism of wayang, imprinted itself indelibly upon Sukarno’s mind and personality. He was later to treat nation-making as a heroic theatrical, in which the clash of irreconcilable men and ideas could be harmonized through sheer poetic magic—his own. Endowed with commanding presence, radiant personality, mellifluous voice, vivid style, a photographic memory, and supreme self-confidence, Sukarno was obviously destined for greatness. In 1927 in Bandung, where he had just acquired a degree in civil engineering, he found his true calling in oratory and politics. He soon revealed himself as a man of charisma and destiny. Sukarno’s amours were almost as renowned as his oratory. He divorced Siti in 1923 and married Inggit Garnisih, divorcing her in 1943 and marrying Fatmawati, with whom he had five children, including his eldest son, Guntur Sukarnaputra (b. 1944). As a Muslim, Sukarno was entitled to four wives, so he took several more wives in the following decades. Indonesian Independence For his challenge to colonialism Sukarno spent two years in a Dutch jail (1929–31) in Bandung and more than eight years in exile (1933–42) on Flores and Sumatra. When the Japanese invaded the Indies in March 1942, he welcomed them as personal and national liberators. During World War II the Japanese made Sukarno their chief adviser and propagandist and their recruiter for labourers, soldiers, and prostitutes. Sukarno pressured the Japanese to grant Indonesia its independence and, on June 1, 1945, made the most famous of many celebrated speeches. In it he defined the Pantjasila (Pancasila), or Five Principles (nationalism, internationalism, democracy, social prosperity, and belief in God), still the sacrosanct state doctrine. When the collapse of Japan became imminent, Sukarno at first wavered. Then, after being kidnapped, intimidated, and persuaded by activist youths, he declared Indonesia’s independence (August 17, 1945). As president of the shaky new republic, he fueled a successful defiance of the Dutch, who, after two abortive “police actions” to regain control, formally transferred sovereignty on December 27, 1949. From his revolutionary capital in Yogyakarta (formerly Jogjakarta), Sukarno returned in triumph to Jakarta on December 28, 1949. There he established himself, his collection of paintings, and his numerous retinue in the splendid palace of the Dutch governors-general. He proceeded to preside urbanely over a spectacle that was at once diverting and disturbing. His increasingly numerous and outspoken critics maintained that Sukarno inspired no coherent programs of national organization and administration, rehabilitation, and development, such as were quite clearly necessary. He seemed instead to conduct a continuous series of formal and informal audiences and a nightly soiree of receptions, banquets, music, dancing, movies, and wayang. Indonesian politics became increasingly frenzied, with Sukarno himself engaged in devious maneuvers that made stabilization impossible. The Indonesian economy foundered while Sukarno encouraged the wildest of extravagances. To be sure, the nation scored impressive gains in health, education, and cultural self-awareness and self-expression. It achieved, in fact, what Sukarno himself most joyously sought and acclaimed as “national identity,” an exhilarating sense of pride in being Indonesian. But this achievement came at a ruinous cost. After “dreaming” in late 1956 of “burying” the feuding political parties in Indonesia and thus achieving national consensus and prosperity, Sukarno dismantled parliamentary democracy and destroyed free enterprise. He ordained “Guided Democracy” and “Guided Economy” for the achievement of Manipol-Usdek and Resopim-Nasakom—arcane acronyms symbolizing policies but signifying dictatorship. Sukarno’s personal and political excesses, as epitomized eventually by his neo-Marxist, crypto-communist ideology and his infamous cabinet of 100 corrupt and cynical ministers, induced a continuous state of national crisis. Sukarno narrowly escaped recurrent attempts at assassination, the first in 1957. Regional insurrections broke out in Sumatra and Sulawesi in 1958. Inflation escalated the cost-of-living index from 100 in 1958 to 18,000 in 1965 and on up wildly to 600,000 in 1967. In 1963, after shouting repeatedly “To hell with your aid” (1950–65 total: U.S. $1,000,000,000), Sukarno all but broke with the United States. After having exacted U.S. $1,000,000,000 in Soviet armaments and other items, he next affronted Moscow. On January 20, 1965, Indonesia formally withdrew from the United Nations because the latter supported Malaysia, which Sukarno had vowed to “crush” as “an imperialist plot of encirclement.” Yet, until 1965, Sukarno was still able to stir the Indonesian masses to near-hysterical belligerency. Millions of Indonesians sang and shouted his slogans and acclaimed Sukarno as “Great Leader of the Revolution,” “Lifetime President” (his official title), and oracle and warrior of the Nefo—his acronym for the “New Emerging Forces”—in violent conflict with Nekolim—the neocolonialism, capitalism, and imperialism of the “doomed” Western powers. The Coup Of 1965 The nation was shocked and shaken out of its trance by an abortive coup on September 30, 1965. A clique of military conspirators calling itself the September 30th Movement kidnapped and killed six top army generals, seized a few key urban points, and proclaimed a new revolutionary regime. General Suharto, the commander of the Jakarta garrison, swiftly reversed the coup. Suharto and the military generally believed the Indonesian Communist Party (Partai Komunis Indonesia; PKI)—which to some measure had been supported and protected by Sukarno—to be behind the attempted coup. The PKI, by contrast, understood the plot to be entirely a military matter. There ensued an oblique contest for power between Suharto and Sukarno, during which thousands of communists and alleged communists were slaughtered by the military; estimates of the number of people killed during the purge range from 80,000 to more than 1,000,000. As the country recoiled in horror, activist youths demanded the political demise of Sukarno, the Sukarnoists, and Sukarnoism and the total reform and reorganization of the state. On March 11, 1966, Sukarno was obliged to delegate wide powers to Suharto, who subsequently became acting president (March 1967) and then president (March 1968), as Sukarno sank into disgrace and dotage. Sukarno died at the age of 69 of a chronic kidney ailment and numerous complications. Suharto decreed a quick and quiet funeral. Nevertheless, at least 500,000 persons, including virtually all of Jakarta’s important personages, turned out to pay their last ambivalent respects. The next day another 200,000 assembled in Blitar, near Surabaya, for the official service followed by burial in a simple grave alongside that of his mother. The cult and ideology of Sukarnoism were proscribed until the late 1970s, when the government undertook a rehabilitation of Sukarno’s name. His autobiography, Sukarno, was published in 1965.
His / Her Photo
Sources	https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sukarno
The amount of words on the text	1423 words
What makes you interested in this person	He was the first Indonesian president, he was smart in politics, and a great man when he was in young aged.
Comments after reading	The biography of Soekarno presented by Britannica is very clear and complete, starting with his young aged until he passed away.
New Vocabularies found	Protégé, Endowed, decreed

Second person	W. R. Supratman (Wage Rudolf Supratman)
His / Her biography	Wage Rudolf Supratman (Wage Roedolf Soepratman in the old orthography or commonly known as W. R. Supratman) (Purworejo, 9 March 1903 – Surabaya, 17 August 1938) was an Indonesian songwriter who wrote both the lyrics and melody of the national anthem of Indonesia - "Indonesia Raya." He is an Indonesian National Hero. W.R. Supratman's father was Sergeant Djoemeno Senen Sastrosoehardjo, a Dutch Colonial Army soldier, and his mother was Siti Senen. Supratman was born Wage on 9 March 1903 in Somongari, Purworejo. Several months later, his father added Supratman to his name and explained that he was born in Meester Cornelis, Batavia. Supratman was the seventh of nine children. His eldest sibling was Rukiyem Supratiyah van Eldik. At the age of 6, he entered Budi Utomo elementary school in Cimahi. After his father retired, Wage followed his sister Rukiyem to Makassar, where he began attending Europese Lagere School (ELS) in 1914. It was then when Rudolf was added to his name, so that his rights would be equal to the Dutch. However, he was asked to leave the school after it was revealed that he was not of European descent. He continued his studies in a Malay language school. After returning home, he learned to play guitar and violin. His brother-in-law, van Eldik, gave him a violin as seventeenth birthday present in 1920. After graduating from Malay language school in 1917, Wage attended Dutch language courses and graduated in 1919. He continued to Normal School, or Teachers' College, and became an auxiliary teacher in Makassar after he graduated. In 1920, he and van Eldik founded a jazz-styled band, called Black & White. He played the violin. They performed at weddings and birthday parties in Makassar. Beginning in July 1933, Wage started to feel ill. Then in November 1933, he resigned as Sin Po journalist and settled first in Cimahi, then Palembang, and finally in Surabaya. On 17 August 1938, he died at 01.00 a.m. and was buried in Kenjeran, Surabaya. On 13 March 1956, his remains were moved to Tambak Segaran Wetan cemetery. INDONESIA RAYA Wage composed both the music and lyrics for the song "Indonesia Raya", which later became Indonesia's National Anthem. It was introduced during the Second Indonesian Youth Congress on 28 October 1928. The song was quickly adopted by Sukarno's PNI. The text was revised in November 1944, and the melody arranged to its present musical form in 1958. LEGACY The government awarded Wage the National Hero title and the Bintang Maha Putera Utama kelas III in 1971. RELIGION Wage belonged to the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community. Some people claim Wage was a Catholic but his family stated in a 1967-issued book entitled "Sedjarah Lagu Kebangsaan Indonesia Raya" (History of Indonesia Raya, the national anthem) that Supratman was a Muslim and his body was bathed and buried in Islamic ways.
His / Her photo
Sources	https://peoplepill.com/people/wage-rudolf-soepratman
The amount of words on the text	471 words
What makes you interested in this person	He is one of the Indonesian national hero, he also the writer and creator of Indonesia’ national anthem.
Comments after reading	The biography of W. R. Supratman in this site is quite clear and precise.
New vocabularies found	-

Day 2 Saturday Date: 27 March 2021
First Person	B.J. Habibie
His / Her Biography	B.J. Habibie, in full Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie, (born June 25, 1936, Parepare, Indonesia—died September 11, 2019, Jakarta), Indonesian aircraft engineer and politician who was president of Indonesia (1998–99) and a leader in the country’s technological and economic development in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Brilliant in science and mathematics from childhood, Habibie received his postsecondary education at the Bandung Institute of Technology in Bandung, Indonesia, and furthered his studies at the Institute of Technology of North Rhine–Westphalia in Aachen, West Germany. After graduating in 1960, he remained in West Germany as an aeronautics researcher and production supervisor. Suharto took power as Indonesia’s second president in 1966, and in 1974 he asked Habibie—whom he had known for 25 years—to return to the country to help build advanced industries. Suharto assured him that he could do whatever was needed to accomplish that goal. Initially assigned to the state oil company, Pertamina, Habibie became a government adviser and chief of a new aerospace company in 1976. Two years later he became research minister and head of the Agency for Technology Evaluation and Application. In these roles he oversaw a number of ventures involving the production and transportation of heavy machinery, steel, electronics and telecommunications equipment, and arms and ammunition. Habibie believed his enterprises ultimately would spawn high-tech ventures in the private sector and allow the country to climb the technology ladder. In 1993 he unveiled the first Indonesian-developed plane, which he helped design, and in the following year he launched a plan to refurbish more than three dozen vessels bought from the former East German navy at his initiative. The Finance Ministry balked at the cost of the latter endeavor, while the armed forces thought that its turf had been violated. Nevertheless, Habibie got more than $400 million for refurbishing. Meanwhile, in 1990 Habibie was appointed head of the Indonesian Muslim Intellectuals Association, and during the 1993 central-board elections of the country’s ruling party, Golkar, Habibie helped the children and allies of President Suharto rise to top positions, easing out long-standing military-backed power brokers. By the late 1990s Habibie was viewed as one of several possible successors to the aging Suharto. In March 1998 Suharto appointed Habibie to the vice presidency, and two months later, in the wake of large-scale violence in Jakarta, Suharto announced his resignation. Thrust unexpectedly into the country’s top position, Habibie immediately began to implement major reforms. He appointed a new cabinet; fired Suharto’s eldest daughter as social affairs minister as well as his longtime friend as trade and industry minister; named a committee to draft less-restrictive political laws; allowed a free press; arranged for free parliamentary and presidential elections the following year; and agreed to presidential term limits (two five-year terms). He also granted amnesty to more than 100 political prisoners. In 1999 Habibie announced that East Timor, a former Portuguese colony that had been invaded by Indonesia in 1975, could choose between special autonomy and independence; the territory chose independence. Indonesia held free general elections (the first since 1955) in June, as promised. Later that year Habibie ran for president, but he withdrew his candidacy shortly before the October election, which was won by Abdurrahman Wahid. After Wahid took office, Habibie essentially stepped out of politics, although in 2000 he established the Habibie Center, a political research institute.
His / Her Photo
Sources	https://www.britannica.com/biography/B-J-Habibie
The amount of words on the text	558 words
What makes you interested in this person	B. J. Habibie was a smart person, he inspired so many people by his talent in aircraft engine he also was a humble person, and everybody loves him even now he already passed away. He is Indonesian aircraft engineer and politician who was president of Indonesia (1998–99) and a leader in the country’s technological and economic development in the late 20th and early 21st centuries.
Comments after reading	The biography of B. J. Habbibie presented by Britannica is very clear and complete, starting with his young aged until he passed away.
New Vocabularies found	Balked, endeavor, turf.

Second person	Steve Jobs
His / Her biography	Steve Jobs, in full Steven Paul Jobs, (born February 24, 1955, San Francisco, California, U.S.—died October 5, 2011, Palo Alto, California), cofounder of Apple Computer, Inc. (now Apple Inc.), and a charismatic pioneer of the personal computer era. Founding Of Apple Jobs was raised by adoptive parents in Cupertino, California, located in what is now known as Silicon Valley. Though he was interested in engineering, his passions of youth varied. He dropped out of Reed College, in Portland, Oregon, took a job at Atari Corporation as a video game designer in early 1974, and saved enough money for a pilgrimage to India to experience Buddhism. Back in Silicon Valley in the autumn of 1974, Jobs reconnected with Stephen Wozniak, a former high school friend who was working for the Hewlett-Packard Company. When Wozniak told Jobs of his progress in designing his own computer logic board, Jobs suggested that they go into business together, which they did after Hewlett-Packard formally turned down Wozniak’s design in 1976. The Apple I, as they called the logic board, was built in the Jobses’ family garage with money they obtained by selling Jobs’s Volkswagen minibus and Wozniak’s programmable calculator. Jobs was one of the first entrepreneurs to understand that the personal computer would appeal to a broad audience, at least if it did not appear to belong in a junior high school science fair. With Jobs’s encouragement, Wozniak designed an improved model, the Apple II, complete with a keyboard, and they arranged to have a sleek, molded plastic case manufactured to enclose the unit. Though Jobs had long, unkempt hair and eschewed business garb, he managed to obtain financing, distribution, and publicity for the company, Apple Computer, incorporated in 1977—the same year that the Apple II was completed. The machine was an immediate success, becoming synonymous with the boom in personal computers. In 1981 the company had a record-setting public stock offering, and in 1983 it made the quickest entrance (to that time) into the Fortune 500 list of America’s top companies. In 1983 the company recruited PepsiCo, Inc., president John Sculley to be its chief executive officer (CEO) and, implicitly, Jobs’s mentor in the fine points of running a large corporation. Jobs had convinced Sculley to accept the position by challenging him: “Do you want to sell sugar water for the rest of your life?” The line was shrewdly effective, but it also revealed Jobs’s own near-messianic belief in the computer revolution. Insanely Great During that same period, Jobs was heading the most important project in the company’s history. In 1979 he led a small group of Apple engineers to a technology demonstration at the Xerox Corporation’s Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) to see how the graphical user interface could make computers easier to use and more efficient. Soon afterward, Jobs left the engineering team that was designing Lisa, a business computer, to head a smaller group building a lower-cost computer. Both computers were redesigned to exploit and refine the PARC ideas, but Jobs was explicit in favoring the Macintosh, or Mac, as the new computer became known. Jobs coddled his engineers and referred to them as artists, but his style was uncompromising; at one point he demanded a redesign of an internal circuit board simply because he considered it unattractive. He would later be renowned for his insistence that the Macintosh be not merely great but “insanely great.” In January 1984 Jobs himself introduced the Macintosh in a brilliantly choreographed demonstration that was the centerpiece of an extraordinary publicity campaign. It would later be pointed to as the archetype of “event marketing.” However, the first Macs were underpowered and expensive, and they had few software applications—all of which resulted in disappointing sales. Apple steadily improved the machine, so that it eventually became the company’s lifeblood as well as the model for all subsequent computer interfaces. But Jobs’s apparent failure to correct the problem quickly led to tensions in the company, and in 1985 Sculley convinced Apple’s board of directors to remove the company’s famous cofounder. NeXT And Pixar Jobs quickly started another firm, NeXT Inc., designing powerful workstation computers for the education market. His funding partners included Texan entrepreneur Ross Perot and Canon Inc., a Japanese electronics company. Although the NeXT computer was notable for its engineering design, it was eclipsed by less costly computers from competitors such as Sun Microsystems, Inc. In the early 1990s Jobs focused the company on its innovative software system, NEXTSTEP. Meanwhile, in 1986 Jobs acquired a controlling interest in Pixar, a computer graphics firm that had been founded as a division of Lucasfilm Ltd., the production company of Hollywood movie director George Lucas. Over the following decade Jobs built Pixar into a major animation studio that, among other achievements, produced the first full-length feature film to be completely computer-animated, Toy Story, in 1995. Pixar’s public stock offering that year made Jobs, for the first time, a billionaire. He eventually sold the studio to the Disney Company in 2006.
His / Her photo
Sources	https://www.britannica.com/biography/Steve-Jobs
The amount of words on the text	834 words.
What makes you interested in this person	He is a genius person who is founder of Apple Computer, Inc. (now Apple Inc.), and a charismatic pioneer of the personal computer era.
Comments after reading	The biography is quite confusing, maybe I because when I read this biography, I was already tired.
New vocabularies found	Archetype,

Day 3 Sunday Date: 28 March 2021
First Person	Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
His / Her Biography	Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, byname SBY, (born September 9, 1949, Pacitan, East Java, Indonesia), Indonesian military officer, politician, and government official who was the first popularly elected president of Indonesia (2004–14). Yudhoyono was born into a well-to-do family of aristocratic background. Following in the footsteps of his father, a middle-ranking officer, he entered the army after graduating from the Indonesian Military Academy in 1973. His quick rise through the ranks was assisted by his marriage to Kristiani Herawati, the daughter of a powerful general. As an officer, Yudhoyono acquired valuable experience abroad, undertaking the United States Army’s Infantry Officer Advanced Course in the early 1980s and training at the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College in 1991. He also earned a master’s degree in business administration from Webster University near St. Louis, Missouri, in 1991. Yudhoyono eventually earned a Ph.D. in economics from the Bogor Agricultural University in Indonesia in 2004. In 1995 Yudhoyono served as Indonesia’s chief military observer on the UN peacekeeping force in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Later he was chief of the army’s social and political affairs staff. Yudhoyono left active military service in 2000 with the rank of lieutenant general. From 2000 to 2004 he held high-profile cabinet posts in the governments of both Abdurrahman Wahid and Megawati Sukarnoputri. In 2002 he became the principal founder of the Democrat Party (Partai Demokrat; PD), which became his political vehicle for the rest of his career in public service In 2004, after the PD had contested parliamentary elections in March and won 7.5 percent of the vote, Yudhoyono was able to challenge Megawati for the presidency. He received the largest number of votes in the first round of balloting in July, and in a September runoff election Yudhoyono won a landslide victory over Megawati, garnering 61 percent of the vote. He was sworn in as president on October 20. Yudhoyono, who was widely seen as possessing the personal traits and professional skills necessary to restore prosperity and stability to the country, entered office with an ambitious reform agenda. He promised to accelerate economic growth, crackdown on corruption and terrorism, and strengthen democracy and human rights. Yudhoyono’s government faced an early challenge in December 2004 when a tsunami struck Indonesia; the greatest natural disaster to befall Indonesia in more than a century, it was believed to have killed some 132,000 people. Despite that tragedy, Yudhoyono was able to bring significant improvement to the country’s economy, and his anticorruption campaign drew praise as some 300 national and regional political leaders and officials were tried and found guilty of corruption. Presidential elections were held again in July 2009, and Yudhoyono won a second term in office, this time defeating opponent Megawati in the first round with the same 61 percent of the vote as in 2004. Yudhoyono’s government had to face more national calamities early in his second term, including powerful earthquakes in 2009 and another major tsunami and the eruption of Mount Merapi in 2010—each of which killed hundreds of people. Indonesia nonetheless was generally prosperous and peaceful for most of the term, though by 2013 economic growth had slowed and inflation was rising. His administration and the PD were dogged by corruption scandals, however, and the party did badly in the 2014 legislative elections. Yudhoyono was unable to run again for president, because of term limits, and he left office in October 2014, succeeded by Joko Widodo (Jokowi).
His / Her Photo
Sources	https://www.britannica.com/biography/Susilo-Bambang-Yudhoyono
The amount of words on the text	572 Words
What makes you interested in this person	Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono was the 7^th president of Indonesia on periods (2004-2014). He was a great military general when he was in young age. Moreover, he is a charismatic person with a kind hearted. I adore him so much.
Comments after reading	The biography of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono presented by Britannica is not too long but it more than enough to portraying SBY’ life. Overall it is quite interesting to read.
New Vocabularies found	Balloting

Second person	R. A. Kartini
His / Her biography	Raden Adjeng Kartini, in full Lady Raden Adjeng Kartini, (born April 21, 1879, Majong, Java [Indonesia]—died September 17, 1904, Rembang Regency, Java), Javanese noblewoman whose letters made her an important symbol for the Indonesian independence movement and for Indonesian feminists. Her father being a Javanese aristocrat working for the Dutch colonial administration as governor of the Japara Regency (an administrative district), Kartini had the unusual opportunity to attend a Dutch school, which exposed her to Western ideas and made her fluent in Dutch. During adolescence, when she was forced to withdraw to the cloistered existence prescribed by tradition for a Javanese girl of noble birth, she began to correspond with several Dutch friends from her school days. She also knew and was influenced by Mevrouw Ovink-Soer, wife of a Dutch official and a dedicated socialist and feminist. In her letters Kartini expressed concern for the plight of Indonesians under conditions of colonial rule and for the restricted roles open to Indonesian women. She resolved to make her own life a model for emancipation and, after her marriage in 1903 to a progressive Javanese official, the Regent of Rembang, she proceeded with plans to open a school for Javanese girls. Kartini died at the age of 25 of complications after the birth of her first child, but J.H. Abendanon—former director of the Department of Education, Religion, and Industry—arranged for publication of her letters in 1911, under the title Door duisternis tot licht (“Through Darkness into Light”). The book enjoyed great popularity and generated support in the Netherlands for the Kartini Foundation, which in 1916 opened the first girls’ schools in Java, thus fulfilling Kartini’s ambition. Her ideas were also taken up by Indonesian students attending Dutch universities, and in 1922 an Indonesian translation of the letters was published. Although Indonesian nationalist aims went far beyond her ideas, she became a popular symbol, and her birthday is celebrated as a holiday.
His / Her photo
Sources	https://www.britannica.com/biography/Raden-Adjeng-Kartini
The amount of words on the text	322 Words
What makes you interested in this person	R.A. Kartini was noblewoman whose letters made her an important symbol for the Indonesian independence movement and for Indonesian feminists.
Comments after reading	The biography of R.A. Kartini presented by Britannica is too short but it more than enough to portraying SBY’ life. Overall it is quite interesting to read.
New vocabularies found	Cloistered.

Day 4 Monday Date: 29 March 2021
First Person	Barack Obama
His / Her Biography	Barack Obama was inaugurated as the 44th president of the United States—becoming the first African American to serve in that office—on January 20, 2009. The son of a white American mother and a black Kenyan father, Obama grew up in Hawaii. Leaving the state to attend college, he earned degrees from Columbia University and Harvard Law School. Obama worked as a community organizer in Chicago, where he met and married Michelle LaVaughn Robinson in 1992. Their two daughters, Malia Ann and Natasha (Sasha), were born in 1998 and 2001, respectively. Obama was elected to the Illinois state senate in 1996 and served there for eight years. In 2004, he was elected by a record majority to the US Senate from Illinois and, in February 2007, announced his candidacy for president. After winning a closely fought contest against New York Senator and former First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton for the Democratic nomination, Obama handily defeated Senator John McCain of Arizona, the Republican nominee for president, in the general election. When President Obama took office, he faced very significant challenges. The economy was officially in a recession, and the outgoing administration of George W. Bush had begun to implement a controversial "bail-out" package to try to help struggling financial institutions. In foreign affairs, the United States still had troops deployed in difficult conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. During the first two years of his first term, President Obama was able to work with the Democratic-controlled Congress to improve the economy, pass health-care reform legislation, and withdraw most US troops from Iraq. After the Republicans won control of the House of Representatives in 2010, the president spent significant time and political effort negotiating, for the most part unsuccessfully, with congressional Republicans about taxes, budgets, and the deficit. After winning reelection in 2012, Obama began his second term focused on securing legislation on immigration reform and gun control, neither of which he was able to achieve. When the Republicans won the Senate in 2014, Obama refocused on actions that he could take unilaterally, invoking his executive authority as president. In foreign policy, Obama concentrated during the second term on the Middle East and climate change. Obama left the presidency, at age fifty-five, after his constitutionally limited two terms ended on January 20, 2017. He announced plans to remain in Washington, DC, until his younger daughter finished high school and, as a former president, to play a restrained but active role in public affairs. He also devoted energy to raising money and planning for the opening of the Obama Presidential Center in Chicago, Illinois.
His / Her Photo
Sources	https://millercenter.org/president/obama/life-in-brief
The amount of words on the text	431 Words
What makes you interested in this person	He is the 44^th president of America, he is a charismatic person with a kind hearted. He was also the first black people who become a president in America, he succeeded to change the American mindset on a black people. I adore him so much
Comments after reading	The biography of Barack Obama in this site is quite simple. The biography tells about his parents and when he was being a president of America.
New Vocabularies found	-

Second person	Soeharto
His / Her biography	Soeharto was the second President of the Republic of Indonesia. He was born in Kemusuk, Yogyakarta, on June 8, 1921. His father named Kertosudiro is a farmer and also as the assistant village headman in irrigation paddy field, while his mother named Sukirah. Suharto entered the school when he was eight years old, but frequently moved. Originally schooled in the Village School (SD) Puluhan, Godean. Then move to SD Pedes, because her mother and her husband, Mr. Pramono moved to Kemusuk Kidul. However, then Mr. Kertosudiro moved him to Wuryantoro. Suharto left at the house of his sister who was married to Prawirowihardjo, an orderly peasantry. Until finally elected as a model soldier in Schools Officer, Gombong, Central Java in 1941. He officially became a member of the TNI on October 5, 1945. In 1947, Suharto married with Siti Hartinah a daughter of Mangkunegaran officer. The marriage of Lieutenant Colonel Suharto and Siti Hartinah held on December 26, 1947 in Solo. Suharto was 26 years old at that time and Hartinah 24 years old. They had six sons and daughters, Siti Hardiyanti Hastuti, Sigit Harjojudanto, Bambang Trihatmodjo, Siti Hediati Herijadi, Hutomo Mandala Putra and Siti Hutami Endang Adiningsih. The Great General of H.M Suharto has walked a long journey in the military and political career. In the military, Mr. Harto started from KNIL army sergeant, then the commander of the PETA, the regimental commander with the rank of Major and battalion commander as Lieutenant Colonel. In 1949, he successfully led his forces recaptured the city of Yogyakarta from Dutch hands at that time. He was also as a guard of Commander Sudirman. In addition, he also once became the Commander of the Mandala (liberation of West Irian). October 1, 1965, appeared G-30-S/PKI. Soeharto took over the leadership of the Army. Beside inaugurated as the Commander of army, General Suharto was appointed by President Soekarno as the Commander of security and safety operation (Pangkopkamtib). In March 1966, General Soeharto received a letter of instruction of March 11 from President Sukarno. His job, restore security and order and safeguard the teachings of the Great Leader of the Revolution Bung Karno. Because of the political situation worsened after the outbreak of G-30-S/PKI, MPRS Special Assembly, March 1967, appointed Soeharto as the President, inaugurated as the second President of the Republic of Indonesia, March 1968. President Suharto ruled for more than three decades through the election six times, until he resigned, May 21, 1998. After being treated for 24 days at Pertamina Hospital in South Jakarta, the former president Suharto finally died on Sunday, January 27, 2006). Soeharto died at 13:10 o'clock noon at the age of 87 years.
His / Her photo
Sources	https://kepustakaan-presiden.perpunas.go.id
The amount of words on the text	443 Words.
What makes you interested in this person	He was the 2^nd president of Indonesia. He was a great military general which vanished the PKI in Indonesia when he was in young age. When he was in charge as president.
Comments after reading	The biography is clear.
New vocabularies found	-

Day 5 Tuesday Date:
First Person	Didi Kempot
His / Her Biography	Didi Kempot (born Didik Prasetyo; 31 December 1966 – 5 May 2020) was an Indonesian singer and songwriter in the campursari style. He wrote some 700 songs, mainly in his native Javanese language. Apart from Indonesia, Didi was also popular in Suriname and the Netherlands, both of which have significant Javanese diaspora population. Didi was born in Surakarta, Indonesia in 1966. Didi's father, Ranto Edi Gudel, was a comedian and singer-songwriter who often performed at the traditional ketoprak tobong theatrical stage. His brother Mamiek Prakoso was also a comedian. According to his brother Eko Gudel, Didi's childhood was full of misbehaviour and often fighting. After dropped out from Junior High School in Surakarta, Didi then moved to his uncle's house in Samarinda but his school seemed not success too. He then returned to his hometown to start busking. In the 1990s, Didi released the songs "Sewu Kutho" ("A Thousand Cities") and "Stasiun Balapan" ("Balapan Station"), which became hits in Indonesia. Didi's fame in his home country rose after his album Stasiun Balapan (1999) exploded in the market. Print and electronic media began covering Didi. He paced to various television stations for album promos. The success of the Stasiun Balapan album led Didi to record a second album titled Modal Dengkul. Other albums he released in early 2000s are Tanjung Mas Ninggal Janji, Seketan Ewu, Plong (2000), Ketaman Asmoro (2001), Poko'e Melu (2002), Cucak Rowo (2003), Jambu Alas with Nunung Alvi (2004) and Ono Opo (2005). His popularity waned with the turn of the century, but in the 2010s he regained his prominence especially among younger people. According to music researcher Irfan R. Darajat from Laras Studies of Music in Society, the rise of Didi is part of a recent effort of "hipster-washing" to raise up music that was previously considered "uncool", such as dangdut and qasidah. The rooting, site-specific, exclusivity of Didi's heartbreak songs in Javanese fits with the hipster-washing pattern. However, he added that Didi's rise to mainstream fame should not make him to be seen weird, cult-like, kitsch or whatever and make Didi’s music seem like something exotic." In April 2020, he streamed a live charity concert from his house and raised a total Rp7.6 billion (~$500,000) to help Indonesians who are affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. He also released a song entitled "Ojo Mudik" ("Don't Go Mudik"), pleading his fans not to go back home during the Eid al-Fitr holiday season to prevent further spread of the coronavirus.
His / Her Photo
Sources	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didi_Kempot
The amount of words on the text	411 words.
What makes you interested in this person	He was a singer who brought out Javanese language in the lyrics of all of his song which also promoting a Javanese language to the millennial.
Comments after reading	The biography was a bit confusing, maybe I was not concentrated when I read his biography.
New Vocabularies found	-

Second person	Jackie Chan
His / Her biography	The biography of Jackie Chan starts with his birth on April 7, 1954 in Hong Kong to Charles and Lee-lee Chan. The Early Life of Jackie Chan Jackie Chan was born Chan Kong-sang, which literally means “Born in Hong Kong” Chan. His mother nicknamed him Pao Pao (Chinese= cannonball) due to the way he would roll around as an infant. Chan’s parents worked for the French ambassador to Hong Kong and were poor. They gave him a chance at a better life by enrolling him in the Chinese Opera Research Institute at the age of seven, where he spent a decade training for the Peking Opera. He learned martial arts and acrobatics with an entertainment focus while there. Early Acting Career Chan joined the "Seven Little Fortunes," a performance group of his school's best students, where he was given the stage name Yuen Lo. He also became friends with Sammo Hung and Yuen Biao in the group, a trio that would become collectively known in Hong Kong as "Three Brothers" or "Three Dragons". Eventually, Chan appeared in the film "Big and Little Wong Tin Bar" with others from the "Seven Little Fortunes." He subsequently went on to appear in several more films as a child. Early Acting Failures and Breakthrough At the age of 17, Chan served as a stuntman in two Bruce Lee films: "Fist of Fury" and "Enter the Dragon." Then he got his first adult starring role in "Little Tiger of Canton." In 1976, a film producer named Willie Chan in Hong Kong offered him a role in his film, "Lo Wei" which got the ball rolling toward his 1978 appearance in the film, "Snake in the Eagle’s Shadow." This was where Chan began to establish himself as a comedic kung fu actor. Eventually, he got his major break in the classic, "Drunken Master." Cinematic Breakthrough in America In 1995, "Rumble in the Bronx" starring Jackie Chan was released in the United States. Chan played an American visitor forced to protect his uncle’s market from a motorcycle gang. His performance in the movie, particularly from an action and martial arts standpoint, began to gain him a cult following in the country. Eventually in 1998, he starred with Chris Tucker in the hit movie "Rush Hour," a comedic action piece that cemented his Hollywood fame in a large way. The Martial Arts Background of Jackie Chan Much of Chan's martial arts skills came from practicing the arts while at the Chinese Opera Research Institute, headed by Master Yu Jim Yuen. However, he did eventually train specifically in Hapkido, earning his blackbelt under Grandmaster Jin Pal Kim. All told, Chan has trained in Shaolin Kung-fu, Tae Kwon Do, and Hapkido. "He took his Hapkido seriously, practicing for hours at a time," said Kim according to article at Web-vue.com. In fact, Kim noted that Chan was one of the hardest working people he'd ever been around. The Name Change to Jackie Chan Amidst some difficulty finding stunt work and following some of his early commercial failures in the acting realm, Chan joined his parents in Canberra in 1976. While there he briefly enrolled at Dickson College and worked in construction. A construction friend named Jack took Chan under his wing, eventually earning him the nickname "Little Jack". This was eventually shortened to "Jackie". Thus, the name Jackie Chan was born. Chan also changed his Chinese name to Fong Si Lung, in honor of his father's original surname of Fong. Jackie Chan the Stunt Man and Singer Chan is known as one of the greatest stuntmen of all-time. The sheer danger of the moves he employs are evidenced by the amount of injuries he has incurred. Chan broke his skull on the set of "Armour of God," and has broken the majority of fingers in his hand. Further, he has also broken his nose, both cheekbones, jaw, hips, sternum, neck, toes, and ankle. He holds the Guinness World Record for “Most Stunts By A Living Actor” Chan is also a successful singer in Hong Kong and Asia with numerous albums to his credit. Personal Life In 1982, Jackie Chan married the popular Taiwanese actress Lin Feng-Jiao (aka Joan Lin). The two had a son that same year named Jaycee Chan, who is a singer and actor himself. It has also been alleged that Chan has a daughter with former Asia Pageant winner Elaine Ng Yi-Lei by the name of Etta Ng Chok Lam. This has not been confirmed to date. Popular Jackie Chan Movies "Legend of Drunken Master": When Chan stepped into the role of popular folk hero Wong Fei Hung in the "Legend of Drunken Master" several years after starring in the original Drunken Master, the challenge was to recreate the exciting and comedic character he had once played. Chan did such a good job of it, in fact, that many believe this was his greatest film. "First Strike:" When the CIA calls on Jackie Chan to take on the Russian Mafia, you know you're in for some great action sequences. "Miracles:" Chan plays a 1930's gangster in this one. Thus, viewers got to see him in a different kind of role. Of course, there was still a lot of fighting. "Rumble in the Bronx: "This was the film that really introduced Chan to the American public. "Rush Hour:" Chris Tucker and Jackie Chan were simply hilarious in this serious cop - humorous cop tandem.
His / Her photo
Sources	https://www.liveabout.com/jackie-chan-profile-2307744
The amount of words on the text	905 words.
What makes you interested in this person	My family is big fans of him, he is a great actor.
Comments after reading	The biography is too long
New vocabularies found	Martial arts terms.

Name : Fahmi Adrian

NPM : 172122081

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5^th Meeting Reading Log Biography

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